Wahba E. Linux Foundations. Master the Linux Command Line...2026

Textbook in PDF format The Linux Book Written From Production Incidents, Not Textbooks You have been paged at 3am. The server is down. The dashboard shows nothing useful. You know Linux — but the failure is happening in a layer you have never had to look at before. This book is for that moment. Linux Foundation: A Practical Guide covers twelve kernel subsystems — the ones that fail in production and take hours to diagnose without the right mental model. Every chapter opens with a real incident, contains commands you can run immediately, and ends with a concrete checklist. Chapters Cover Boot — GRUB2 recovery, initramfs internals, why yum update kernel can silence a server Process Model — fork, zombie accumulation, D-state processes, fork failing with 384GB free RAM Memory — Page cache, OOM killer scoring, THP latency spikes, and what free gets wrong Filesystem & File Descriptors — VFS, deleted-but-open files, inode exhaustion, epoll, inotify limits Kernel Network Stack — NIC receive path, TCP state machine, conntrack table exhaustion, Netfilter hooks Storage I/O — The fsync durability stack, blk-mq schedulers, NVMe queue depth systemd — After= vs. Requires=, Type=notify, journald rate limiting, socket activation Linux Security Model — Five capability sets, user namespaces, SELinux, seccomp-bpf Observability — perf_events, eBPF, bpftrace, flamegraph interpretation Containers from First Principles — Namespaces, cgroup v2 accounting, overlayfs, PID 1 Production Tuning Reference — Every sysctl that matters, with workload-specific profiles Real Case Studies 14 database servers unbootable after patching — zero-byte initramfs on a full /boot Load balancer dropping 3.1% of traffic for 3 days — conntrack table at its 2002 default PostgreSQL at 947% higher throughput with no hardware change — NVMe queue depth fix Java service 100% CPU with 88% invisible to the profiler — THP scanner in kernel space Container OOM-killed at 287MB heap with 64GB free RAM — page cache counted against cgroup limit Also Includes Diagnostic commands by symptom, sysctl quick reference, and 33-term X-Ray glossary Mental Models • Common Mistakes • Deep Insights • Production Tips in every chapter Kernel version: Linux 6.1 with RHEL 9.2 distribution notes throughout If you run Linux in production and have ever spent more than thirty minutes on a failure that should have taken five, this is the map you needed before it happened

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